Conditions, Lifestyle Factors & Interventions: Recent submissions
Now showing items 641-660 of 910
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Whole-brain white matter organization, intelligence, and educational attainment
(2019-03)General cognitive ability, sometimes referred to as intelligence, is associated with educational attainment throughout childhood. Most studies that have explored the neural correlates of intelligence in childhood focus ... -
Pharmacological Treatments for Social Anxiety Disorder in Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
(2020-02)Objective: The aim of this paper was to provide a systematic review and update on the pharmacotherapy of social anxiety disorder (SAD), including the efficacy and tolerability of these agents, the ranking of interventions, ... -
Methotrexate and relative risk of dementia amongst patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a multi-national multi-database case-control study
(2020-04)Background Inflammatory processes have been shown to play a role in dementia. To understand this role, we selected two anti-inflammatory drugs (methotrexate and sulfasalazine) to study their association with dementia ... -
The effects of an aerobic training intervention on cognition, grey matter volumes and white matter microstructure
(2020-05)While there is strong evidence from observational studies that physical activity is associated with reduced risk of cognitive decline and dementia, the extent to which aerobic training interventions impact on cognitive ... -
Efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for non-specific chronic low back pain: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
(2020-06)Background Despite the enormous financial and humanistic burden of chronic low back pain (CLBP), there is little consensus on what constitutes the best treatment options from a multitude of competing interventions. The ... -
Sleep disruption after brain injury is associated with worse motor outcomes and slower functional recovery.
(2020-02)Background and Aims: Sleep is important for consolidation of motor learning, but brain injury may affect sleep continuity and therefore rehabilitation outcomes. This study aims to assess the relationship between sleep ... -
Stress, inflammation and hippocampal subfields in depression: A 7 Tesla MRI Study
(2020-02)Experiencing stressful events throughout one’s life, particularly childhood trauma, increases the likelihood of being diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Raised levels of cortisol, and markers of inflammation ... -
The Oxford Cognitive Screen – Plus (OCS-Plus): a tablet based short cognitive screening tool for milder cognitive impairment.
(2020-02)The Oxford Cognitive Screen was developed as a brief screening tool for common post-stroke focal cognitive deficits, including language, memory, attention, praxis, and number-processing impairments. Here, we present the ... -
A Structural Brain Network of Genetic Vulnerability to Psychiatric Illness
(2020-05)Psychiatry is undergoing a paradigm shift from the acceptance of distinct diagnoses to a representation of psychiatric illness that crosses diagnostic boundaries. How this transition is supported by a shared neurobiology ... -
Why do patients with psychosis listen to and believe derogatory and threatening voices? 2 21 reasons given by patients
(2020-05)Background: Around two thirds of patients with auditory hallucinations experience derogatory 37 and threatening voices (DTVs). Understandably, when these voices are believed then common 38 consequences can be depression, ... -
When Helping is Risky: Behavioral and Neurobiological Mechanisms of Prosocial Decisions Entailing Risk.
(2020-03)Helping others can entail risks. Doctors that treat infectious patients may risk their own health, intervening in a fight can lead to injury, and organ donations can lead to medical complications. When helping others comes ... -
Cross-species cortical alignment identifies different types of anatomical reorganization in the primate temporal lobe
(2020-03)Evolutionary adaptations of temporo-parietal cortex are considered to be a critical specialization of the human brain. Cortical adaptations, however, can affect different aspects of brain architecture, including local ... -
Examination of the neural basis of psychotic-like experiences in adolescence during processing of emotional faces
(2020-03)Contemporary theories propose that dysregulation of emotional perception is involved in the aetiology of psychosis. 298 healthy adolescents were assessed at age 14- and 19-years using fMRI while performing a facial emotion ... -
Factors associated with the prescribing of high-dose opioids in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(2020-03)Background The risks of harms from opioids increase substantially at high doses, and high-dose prescribing has increased in primary care. However, little is known about what leads to high-dose prescribing, and studies ... -
Does repeatedly viewing overweight versus underweight images change perception of and satisfaction with own body size?
(2020-04)Body dissatisfaction is associated with subsequent eating disorders and weight gain. One-off exposure to bodies of different sizes changes perception of others' bodies, and perception of and satisfaction with own body size. ... -
Evaluating the Feasibility of Frequent Cognitive Assessment Using the Mezurio Smartphone App: Observational and Interview Study in Adults With Elevated Dementia Risk
(2020-04)Background: By enabling frequent, sensitive, and economic remote assessment, smartphones will facilitate the detection of early cognitive decline at scale. Previous studies have sustained participant engagement with remote ... -
Cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder following critical illness and intensive care unit admission
(2020-04)Around a quarter of patients treated in intensive care units (ICUs) will develop symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Given the dramatic increase in ICU admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic, post-ICU PTSD ... -
How representative are neuroimaging samples? Large-scale evidence for trait anxiety differences between MRI and behaviour-only research participants.
(2020-04)Over the past three decades, MRI has become a key tool to study how cognitive processes are implemented in the human brain. However, the question of whether participants recruited into MRI studies differ from participants ... -
One thing leads to another: anticipating visual object identity based on associative-memory template
(2020-04)Probabilistic associations between stimuli afford memory templates that guide perception through pro-active anticipatory mechanisms. A great deal of work has examined the behavioural consequences and human electrophysiological ...